El impacto del choque osmótico en una EDAR se produce en los episodios de mareas vivas. El régimen de mareas del mar Cantábrico presenta grandes variaciones entre las llamadas “mareas vivas” y las “mareas muertas”. En particular, la carrera de marea oscila entre 4,5 y 1,2 metros respectivamente. Es por ello que se presente episodios regulares de importantes entradas de agua de mar en la red de colectores. Lo que se traslada hasta la estación depuradora y genera unas variaciones muy importantes en la conductividad del afluente a tratar. Los valores de conductividad pasan de los 2.000 µs/cm a los 30.000 µs/cm. En consecuencia, dado que el agua de mar tiene una conductividad de unos 50.000 µs/cm. Se puede concluir que se han registrado regularmente episodios en los que más de la mitad del afluente es agua de mar.
Un ejemplo de los picos de conductividad se incluye en el gráfico adjunto.
Después de dos años de experiencia de mantenimiento predictivo en una EDAR costera del litoral cantábrico. Hemos podido constatar distintos niveles de impacto del choque osmótico en una EDAR generado tras la entrada de agua marina en el reactor biológico.
Este impacto se ha estudiado aplicando las técnicas de Bioindicación y Respirometría en distintos momentos de entrada de agua marina. Mediante estas técnicas se pueden identificar y cuantificar los cambios en el reactor. Las afecciones sobre la estructura del licor mezcla, del micriflóculo y también la capacidad de degradación de la materia orgánica soluble.
Los resultados de este análisis revelan que las poblaciones de microorganismos se han adaptado a los choques osmóticos breves y regulares. Por todo ello se constata que este factor ejerza un efecto inhibitorio y no tóxico sobre la capacidad depurativa.
2101 – Impacto del choque osmótico en un reactor biológico
https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/agua/legislacion/Default.aspx
https://www.boe.es/buscar/pdf/2011/BOE-A-2011-1139-consolidado.pdf
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